Thuparamaya Stupa – Sri Lanka’s Oldest Buddhist Monument

  Thuparamaya Stupa – Sri Lanka’s Oldest Buddhist Monument Thuparamaya is the oldest stupa in Sri Lanka, built soon after the introdu...

 

Thuparamaya Stupa – Sri Lanka’s Oldest Buddhist Monument

Thuparamaya is the oldest stupa in Sri Lanka, built soon after the introduction of Buddhism to the island during the reign of King Devanampiyatissa (250 BC – 210 BC). This sacred site not only served as a stupa but was also part of an early monastic complex, making it a cornerstone of Sri Lanka’s Buddhist heritage.

Historical Significance

Renowned scholar Mr. Fergusson described Thuparamaya as "contemporary with Asoka," making it one of the oldest Buddhist structures in the Indian subcontinent. According to the Mahavamsa — the ancient chronicle of Sri Lanka — this site was sanctified by the presence of Lord Buddha during his third visit to Sri Lanka.

The stupa was constructed under the guidance of Mahinda Thero, the Buddhist monk who brought Buddhism to Sri Lanka, to enshrine the right collarbone relic of Lord Buddha. Legend has it that when an elephant carrying the relic refused to unload it, King Devanampiyatissa created a mound of earth matching the elephant’s back height, allowing the relic to be placed there safely.

Architectural Highlights

Originally, Thuparamaya was built in the shape of a paddy heap (Dhanyakara), symbolizing abundance and prosperity. Over centuries, many rulers contributed to its renovation and enhancement:

• King Lanjatissa (119-109 BC) repaired the stone base of the stupa.

• King Vashaba (65-109 AD) added the unique Vatadage — a circular shrine with concentric stone pillars supporting a vaulted roof.

• Subsequent kings including Gotabhaya, Jettatissa, Mahasena, and others made repairs and expanded the complex.

• The stupa was once adorned with gold and silver by kings Mahinda I and Dappula II, showcasing its royal significance.

• Despite damage from invasions, kings like Parakramabahu the Great (1153-1186 AD) restored the stupa in the 12th century.

Today, the stupa is bell-shaped (Ghantakara), measuring about 63 feet in height with a 40-foot diameter base. Four concentric circles of stone pillars remain around the stupa, which once supported a vaulted stone roof. The entire complex is enclosed within a square wall featuring an impressive southeastern entrance.

Other Notable Features

• Bodhigara (Bo Tree House): A shrine believed to be the burial site of Mahinda Thero.

• Padalanchana Stupa: Said to preserve impressions left by previous Buddhas, as mentioned by King Lanjatissa.

• Image House: A beautifully preserved structure housing ancient Buddha statues.

• Guard Stones and Stone Pillars: Remarkably intact, these highlight the advanced craftsmanship of ancient Sri Lankan architecture.

Visiting Thuparamaya

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Thuparamaya is a must-visit for history buffs, architecture enthusiasts, and spiritual seekers. It offers a unique glimpse into the early Buddhist civilization of Sri Lanka and stands as a testament to centuries of devotion, artistry, and cultural heritage.

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Plan your visit to Thuparamaya and explore Sri Lanka’s rich Buddhist legacy.

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